Incidence of ICT in the Learning of English by means Virtual  
Course of Reinforcement and Consolidation Knowledge  
English World  
Incidencia de las TIC en el aprendizaje del inglés mediante cursos virtuales  
de refuerzo y consolidación del conocimiento en inglés a nivel mundial  
Robinsson Paul Paguay Puma  
UEF Bicentenario D7 Vespertino  
Quito Ecuador  
Fanny Judith Chavez Villamarin  
UEF Bicentenario D7 Vespertino  
Quito Ecuador  
Doris Elizabeth Casa Chicaiza  
U. E Particular de América  
Quito Ecuador  
Diana Gissela Inca Guerròn  
UE Central Técnico  
Quito Ecuador  
Raquel Noemí Proaño Cusicagua  
E. E. B Luis Stacey  
Quito Ecuador  
Artículo recibido: 15 de enero de 2026. Aceptado para publicación: 21 de mayo de 2026.  
Conflictos de Interés: Ninguno que declarar.  
Abstract  
The modern educational landscape often faces significant friction when integrating specialized  
technological tools into traditional curricula. This project explores a successful intervention designed  
to overcome systemic hurdles through a synergistic approach involving school administration,  
academic authorship, and classroom practitioners. While initial phases presented substantial  
challenges, the collective efforts of the coordination team and the teaching staff ensured that these  
obstacles were transformed into catalysts for academic excellence. At the heart of this project’s  
success was the development and deployment of two critical instructional anchors: the Teacher’s  
Planning Card and the Student’s Manual. These resources served as comprehensive navigational  
guides, effectively addressing technical queries and streamlining the practical application of digital  
tools. By providing a structured framework for both instruction and autonomous study, these  
instruments ensured that the technology remained a secondary support to the primary goal of  
pedagogical growth. A defining characteristic of this initiative was its commitment to inclusive  
LATAM Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Asunción, Paraguay.  
ISSN en línea: 2789-3855, mayo, 2026, Volumen VII, Número 3 p 107.  
instructional design. Recognizing that students possess unique cognitive profiles and varying degrees  
of digital fluency, the project intentionally moved away from a "one-size-fits-all" methodology. By  
acknowledging and accommodating diverse learning styles, the material was rendered more  
accessible and impactful. Ultimately, this collaborative framework not only resolved the immediate  
implementation issues but also yielded superior results, demonstrating that technical integration is  
most effective when paired with human-centric planning and a deep respect for student diversity.  
Keywords: pedagogical innovation, inclusive education, student-centered learning,  
professional development, collaborative leadership  
Resumen  
El panorama educativo actual suele enfrentar roces significativos al intentar integrar herramientas  
tecnológicas especializadas en los currículos tradicionales. Este proyecto explora una intervención  
exitosa diseñada para superar obstáculos sistémicos mediante un enfoque sinérgico que involucra a  
la administración escolar, la autoría académica y los docentes en el aula. Aunque las fases iniciales  
presentaron desafíos sustanciales, el esfuerzo colectivo del equipo de coordinación y el personal  
docente garantizó que estos obstáculos se transformaran en catalizadores de la excelencia  
académica. El núcleo del éxito de este proyecto radicó en el desarrollo y despliegue de dos pilares  
instruccionales críticos: la Ficha de Planificación Docente y el Manual del Estudiante. Estos recursos  
sirvieron como guías de navegación integrales, abordando eficazmente las dudas técnicas y  
optimizando la aplicación práctica de las herramientas digitales. Al proporcionar un marco  
estructurado tanto para la enseñanza como para el estudio autónomo, estos instrumentos aseguraron  
que la tecnología se mantuviera como un soporte secundario frente al objetivo primordial del  
crecimiento pedagógico. Una característica distintiva de esta iniciativa fue su compromiso con el  
diseño instruccional inclusivo. Al reconocer que los estudiantes poseen perfiles cognitivos únicos y  
diversos niveles de fluidez digital, el proyecto se alejó intencionalmente de una metodología de "talla  
única". Al valorar y adaptarse a los diferentes estilos de aprendizaje, el material resultó más accesible  
e impactante. En última instancia, este marco colaborativo no solo resolvió los problemas inmediatos  
de implementación, sino que también generó resultados superiores, demostrando que la integración  
técnica es más efectiva cuando se combina con una planificación centrada en el ser humano y un  
profundo respeto por la diversidad estudiantil.  
Palabras clave: innovación pedagógica, educación inclusiva, aprendizaje centrado en el  
estudiante, desarrollo profesional, liderazgo colaborativo  
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ISSN en línea: 2789-3855, mayo, 2026, Volumen VII, Número 3 p 108.  
Todo el contenido de LATAM Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades,  
publicado en este sitio está disponibles bajo Licencia Creative Commons.  
Cómo citar: Paguay Puma, R. P., Chavez Villamarin, F. J., Casa Chicaiza, D. E., Inca Guerrón, D. G., &  
Proaño Cusicagua, R. N. (2026). Incidence of ICT in the Learning of English by means Virtual Course  
of Reinforcement and Consolidation Knowledge English World. LATAM Revista Latinoamericana de  
Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades 7 (3), 107 129. https://doi.org/10.56712/latam.v7i3.5917  
LATAM Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Asunción, Paraguay.  
ISSN en línea: 2789-3855, mayo, 2026, Volumen VII, Número 3 p 109.  
INTRODUCTION  
The use of technology in EFL classes enables a new way to make progress in the target language,  
exposing students to oral communication as in real life through the interaction among classmates  
proposing solutions to certain problems raised by the teacher. The Bicentenario D7 is a public High  
School in the city of Quito where the authorities along with the teachers have always worked hard to  
improve the English learning process. They have agreed that the students have always struggled to  
develop their language skills in the target language; consequently, the students fail to use the foreign  
language when they graduate from High School. Therefore, this project attempts to improve the level  
of English of the students of the first year BGU during the school year 2025 - 2026. The students are  
divided into four different classes A, B, C and D. Furthermore, this project aims to collaborate with the  
teachers of the foreign area by providing them with strategies, techniques, and new material based on  
what they need.  
This research applies both a qualitative and quantitative approach. This project has taken into  
consideration the descriptive method which involves observing and describing the population’s  
behavior without influencing them to obtain accurate statistical data. The researchers applied a  
questionnaire to obtain information. This questionnaire can be easily used in large groups with the  
application of the Linker scale to indicate the level of agreement or disagreement in each question.  
Moreover, the researcher applied the Task-Based Learning methodology. The Information and  
Communication Technologies (ICTs) have an important role in Education. People around the world  
regularly make use of technology for several purposes such as doing research, finding new music, or  
keeping in touch with either friends or family.  
The use of technological resources such as cell phones, tablets, computers, internet, among others.  
ICTs have gained a lot of space in diverse fields such as sports, health, education, etc. “There are several  
definitions of ICTs, but all agree that they are part of society’s development. ICT’s are important in the  
process of globalization of the economy, society, and knowledge” (Mukerji, 2013). ICT’s allow the  
process of learning a second language to be quicker and more effective. The “ICT’s have a positive  
effect on the development of learning a foreign language” (Sanders & Morrison-Shetlar, 2001, p. 35).  
Objectives  
General objective  
To create material by means of ICT's to accomplish an innovative way to strengthen the English  
Language skills mentioned in the Ecuadorian National Curriculum.  
Similarly, the way to get positive final results fulfilling the principal purpose of the project will be  
accomplished by means of the Aims of the study: to design a reinforcement course based on  
parameters of the Ecuadorian National Curriculum.  
Specific objectives  
This search pretends to:  
Evaluate the process to know if the material helps accomplish the objectives specified in each  
level according to the Ecuadorian National Curriculum. By doing so, it will be easier to design  
digital material for the use of students ranging from 12-16 years old.  
Assess the students’ current level of English by means of test on students of Bicentenario D7  
public High School, First Year BGU, classes A, B, C and D. Academic Year 2025 - 2026, located  
in Quito Ecuador.  
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Collect and analyze information about the effects of using ICT´s in the learning English process  
on students of Bicentenario D7 public High School, First Year BGU, classes A, B, C and D.  
Academic Year 2025 - 2026, located in Quito Ecuador.  
Develop creativity, critical thinking, and linguistic intelligence skills by means of Virtual Course of  
Reinforcement and Consolidation Knowledge called English World.  
METHODOLOGY  
Explanation of the type of research  
This piece of search is a Social & Educational project. It refers to the elaboration of a feasible proposal,  
or a possible solution to a practical problem. This research project follows both a qualitative and  
quantitative approach. These two approaches are both intermingled and combined in the whole  
research process, or at least in most of their stages.  
The qualitative and quantitative approach is focused on comprehension and explanation of changes in  
some designs and collecting data. Added to that, this project is developed with applied research also  
called "practical or empirical research", characterized to seek the application or use of the acquired  
knowledge, while others are acquired, after implementing and systematizing research-based practice.  
The use of knowledge and research results in a rigorous, organized and systematic way of knowing  
reality.  
Similarly, the descriptive method is applied in this piece of work. For this reason, the type of study used  
in this work is considered with a descriptive level. It consists of describing, analyzing, and interpreting  
systematically a set of facts related to other variables. The descriptive method aims to study the  
phenomenon in its present state and in its natural form; thus, the possibilities of having direct control  
over the study variables are minimal, so their internal validity is debatable.  
Sample  
The Ecuadorian public institution Bicentenario D7 High School is located in an urban place called El  
Beatereo. It is located 10 kilometers from the downtown of Quito which is the capital of Ecuador. The  
school has 1200 students in different levels. The students of First Year BGU are divided into three  
classes A, B and C. During the school year 2025 - 2026, the students are between 14-16 years of age  
and their first language is Spanish. In addition, their English Proficiency is at A1, basic users of the  
language according to the Common European Framework of References.  
Each class has 36 students. The institution has a laboratory with 25 computers, a projector, speakers  
on the wall, and a sophisticated internet free connection. The Foreign Language Area of the school has  
designed to teach 3 classes a week in each classroom. The distribution of the teachers’ schedule is  
made by the authorities. Moreover, the students have enough motivation to learn another language  
because they want to get an international scholarship. Therefore, the learners want to interact with  
people from other countries through social networks improving their listening and speaking skills.  
Measurement instrument and dimensions  
The Descriptive Research is focused on the identification of attitudes and preponderant circumstances  
through effective and accurate description of objects, people or activities. Added to that, the technique  
applied in this work was a questionnaire. The aim is to collect data by means of pre-designed  
instruments which do not modify the environment. The data could be obtained by performing a set of  
structured questions using a questionnaire.  
Surveys are a very traditional way of conducting research. They are particularly useful for non-  
experimental descriptive designs that seek to describe reality. So, for instance, a survey approach may  
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be used to establish the prevalence or incidence of a particular condition. Likewise, the survey approach  
is frequently used to collect information on attitudes and behavior (Mathers, Fox and Amanda. 2009, p.  
5).  
In other words, the questionnaire is an instrument that has a series of questions in order with the aim  
of obtaining information.  
Data collection procedure  
The use of a questionnaire facilitates the administration of large groups and standardization. For this  
reason, this research will be applied to a survey because it is important to know the opinion of teachers  
about their experience with the ICT´s in the English learning process. Furthermore, the surveys will have  
structured questions. The Likert Scale will be used to grade from 1 4 (e.g. 1= Never, 2= rarely 3= Ever  
One in a While, 4= Sometimes, 5= Almost Always), also called an evaluation method; which indicates  
the level of agreement or disagreement in an item or question.  
DEVELOPMENT  
In this part, the authors connect the theoretical knowledge existing in previous information. The English  
Language curriculum in Ecuador and levels of proficiency branching approach - Communication and  
Cultural Awareness, Oral Communication (Listening and Speaking), Reading and Writing and Language  
Through the Art.  
Further, the authors mention the Second Language Acquisition main theories, the Content and  
Language Integrated Learning, Critical thinking skills. On the other hand, the technology and education  
by means of the digital revolution with the advantages of ICT in the classroom. It is important to know  
the process to learn about ICT`s in education with Interactive Programs.  
This new curriculum was designed for students in General Basic Education (2nd to 10th) and  
Bachillerato General Unificado (1st to 3rd), taking into consideration their linguistically and culturally  
diverse populations. The population of this search does not show any problem with multilingual  
learners. The innovative curriculum reflects four important skills to engage (Listening, Speaking,  
Reading, and Writing). The Global Engagement refers about the culture and world understanding to  
create communication by means of the English language. The social and thinking skills will help the  
learner’s personal and intellectual skills.  
The Foundation for lifelong learning mentioned about the internal and external motivation in the  
students where they have the opportunity to learn another language and continue with the same  
motivation. It is worth mentioning that this should be implemented at an early age. Furthermore,  
learners will have different levels where they must apply their grammar and vocabulary knowledge in  
context. The Levels of Proficiency: Branching Approach illustrates the English levels that are expected  
from learners in Bachillerato General Unificado (BGU).  
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Figure 1  
Levels of Proficiency Branching Approach  
Source: MEC (January 30th, 2016). Introduction, English as a Foreign Language. Recovered on August  
16th,  
2019  
from  
Ministerio  
de  
Educación  
Ecuador:  
The constructivist approach was applied in the epistemological foundations of the English as a Foreign  
Language (EFL) curriculum, taking in consideration that under percent of learners will use their mother  
tongue and motor skills to facilitate communication. The previous knowledge has an important role in  
the learning process. The knowledge and meaning will get if the learner applied through language.  
This curriculum is created on a language driven CLIL approach where the student will learn with  
contents from other disciplines. The integration of critical thinking skills as defined in Bloom’s  
Taxonomy to develop the communicative linguistic competences. Furthermore, this document  
mentioned the necessity to integrate five curricular threads: Communication and Cultural Awareness,  
Oral Communication (Including Listening and Speaking), Reading, Writing, and Language through the  
Arts.  
All of them support the CLIL component of the curriculum by providing written and oral texts, authentic  
content-based and cross-curricular materials, Information and communications Technology (ICT), and  
the learners’ social, cultural, and epistemological knowledge.  
Curricular threads  
The EFL curriculum has three main goals: 1. - To develop learners’ understanding of the world of other  
cultures and their own and to communicate. 2. To develop the personal, social, and intellectual skills  
and 3. To create a love of learning languages starting at a young age. All of these will change the  
learning process in the classroom at all levels. The goals are organized in five sections: 1)  
Communication and Cultural Awareness, 2) Oral Communication (Listening and Speaking), 3) Reading,  
4) Writing, and 5) Language through the Arts. In Figure 4.2. The Curricular Threads and Sub-Threads  
according to each thread are presented.  
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Curricular Thread 1: Communication and Cultural Awareness  
The culture around the world has an important function to learn another language outside the mother  
tongue. “To communicate internationally inevitably involves communicating interculturally as well”  
(Ҫakir, 2006, p. 1).  
When learners connect the learning process with their own culture, they open doors to link new  
knowledge with familiar concepts, traditions, and even well-known figures. This cultural connection  
makes it easier to communicate and understand a second language. At the same time, it broadens their  
perspective, strengthens social skills, nurtures values, and builds the ability to communicate in a more  
appropriate and meaningful way.  
Curricular Thread 2: Oral Communication (Listening and Speaking)  
Listening and Speaking were considered within the same curricular thread. These skills could be  
developed gradually. “Listening and speaking are skills that should be seen as a holistic process”  
(Richards, 2006, p.36).  
In EFL teaching, both play a central role in building communicative competence. As shown in Figure  
4.2, the Oral Communication thread is organized into three sub-areas: (1) Listening Skills, (2) Spoken  
Production, and (3) Spoken Interaction. The way tasks and structures are designed allows learners to  
work with the most appropriate skills for their level, adapting to their needs and interests, and ultimately  
achieving meaningful and positive learning outcomes.  
Curricular Thread 3: Reading  
The Reading curricular thread aims to strengthen students’ autonomy as readers and communicators.  
Through it, learners can access information from around the world while engaging with diverse cultural  
perspectives. To guide this process, the thread is organized into four sub-threads, each supporting  
different aspects of reading development.  
Literacy-rich Environment  
It creates easy access to keep in touch with the different cultures perceived by means of written  
language with a social practice. The literacy-rich environment is a way where the learner can acquire  
the language quickly in a cultural environment “print- oriented societies are engaged, from very early in  
their lives, in making sense of the printed word, in figuring out the symbolic nature of print, in discovering  
that print may serve a variety of functions” (Hudelson, 1994, p. 131).  
Reading Comprehension  
An effective way to strengthen critical thinking is through reading. For this reason, it is essential to  
encourage the development of reading skills both inside and outside the classroom, using articles,  
texts, and a wide range of information sources. Reading is a complex cognitive process in which the  
reader constructs and interprets meaning in context. In EFL, reading becomes a doorway to the writer’s  
message without the need for constant translation. Recent studies show that students who build strong  
reading skills not only improve in learning a second language but also perform better in other subjects,  
since they develop the ability to compare and contrast their L1 and L2.  
Use of Resources and Study Skills  
This component guides learners to use resources effectivelywhether ICT tools, libraries, or internet  
access. In today’s world, reading is still one of the most powerful ways to learn, which is why it remains  
a key element of the curriculum.  
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Cross-curricular Content  
The goal of this sub-thread is to create learning environments where students feel the need to express  
their ideas in L2. By motivating them to go beyond the curriculum, it also shapes their perspectives on  
life and broadens their horizons.  
Curricular Thread 4: Writing  
Writing is presented in the curriculum as a highly cognitive and metacognitive activity. Through it,  
learners communicate, share ideas, and reflect on their experiences. Although the curriculum organizes  
skills into four separate threads, in practice they converge in the classroom. Writing, in particular, has  
been divided into two dimensions: Initial Literacy and Text Production.  
Initial Literacy  
This stage raises awareness of everyday forms of written communicationreading an email, a book, or  
even a birthday card. These real-life examples help learners absorb and internalize the language  
naturally.  
Text Production  
A holistic approach is applied through stories and themes, which serve as literacy sources. This gives  
learners opportunities to build coherence and meaning in their writing. Stories, in particular, inspire  
imagination and allow students to pursue their own interests while practicing L2.  
Curricular Thread 5: Language through the Arts  
Traditional education often delivers knowledge in a linear way. In contrast, learning through art opens  
new pathways, offering more creative and engaging ways to encourage learning. This thread is divided  
into three sub-threads: Literary Texts in Context, Creative Writing, and Creative Thinking Skills.  
Literary Texts in Context  
Stories and thematic texts are used as literacy sources that help learners construct coherence and  
meaning. Through them, students are motivated to imagine, create, and explore personal interests while  
practicing their second language, about language acquisition:  
Most people don’t care about language acquisition. For most people, it’s the story and/or the ideas that  
count. Instead of trying to motivate our students by urging them to work hard and reminding them how  
important it is to know English, let’s take advantage of the natural process, and make sure they have  
access to input that they find compelling, in class and outside of class (Krashen, 2015, p. 28).  
Creative Writing  
Creative writing gives learners the chance to invent stories and share human experiences, such as love,  
conflict, or everyday emotions. Through poetics and storytelling, writers aim to capture truths about  
humanity. It’s worth noting that not every type of writing falls into this category—for instance, a news  
article focuses on facts and avoids personal feelings, so it cannot be considered creative writing.  
This thread emphasizes the important role writing has always played in human history: words have  
been used to recount both positive and negative aspects of life. In the classroom, however, creative  
writing goes a step further, building a bridge between learners and literary texts. Teachers act as guides,  
designing activities that invite students to express themselves and offering feedback along the way.  
Ultimately, creative writing allows learners to share their own ideas, feelings, and experiences in a  
second language.  
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Creative Thinking Skills  
For learning to be meaningful, students need to be stimulated and motivated with techniques suited to  
their needs and classroom context. Developing creative thinking is not only valuable in language  
learning but also equips students with life-long skills. These abilities help them unlock their full potential  
and communicate more effectively in the target language.  
The process of creative thinking involves several elements: a creative state of mind, emotional self-  
management, practical techniques, the ability to combine logic with imagination, and habits like keeping  
an “ideas book.”  
State of mind: Confidence is key. Learners may generate suggestions that aren’t always “right,” but  
creativity thrives in this space. Overly rigid or purely logical teaching approaches can stifle this growth.  
Creative emotions: At times, learners may feel frustrated, but self-management helps them stay in the  
creative flow.  
Techniques: There is no fixed recipe; methods can be adapted to fit the class and its needs.  
Analytical + creative thinking: A balance between logic and imagination leads to stronger results.  
Ideas book: Teachers (and students) should record new ideas as they emerge. This habit encourages  
lateral thinkingthe ability to see connections and patterns that aren’t immediately obvious.  
Stage of SLA Speech Emergence  
The speech emergence stage requires careful attention from teachers. Here, learners begin to expand  
both the quantity and quality of their spoken language. As they link words together, they start  
communicating more independently. This growth gives them confidence in expressing their own ideas.  
From our shared experience, we recognize that this stage presents significant challenges. Many of us  
studied English in public high schools where resources and institutional support were limited. As a  
result, we often lacked a strong language foundation; while some of us found these challenges  
motivating, many of our peers felt discouraged by the difficulty.  
In our professional practice, we observe that teachers frequently struggle with students who resort to  
copying work, avoid homework, or harbor a dislike for the subject, viewing English merely as a  
mandatory obligation.  
In our view, we must approach this stage with patience and flexibility. By adapting our methods to our  
students’ actual proficiency levels and fostering a more relaxed, supportive atmosphere, we can help  
our learners feel more secure. Over time, this collective shift in confidence allows them to improve  
naturally and gradually refine their language skills.  
Instructional Planning for CALP Development in L1 and L2  
In the process of teaching and learning English, it is essential to begin by gathering information about  
students. This allows them to use their cognitive skills to build knowledge meaningfully. One of the  
main influences here is Krashen’s Monitor Hypothesis, which emphasizes the importance of monitoring  
to correct errors and refine language use. Student experiences are also key: when teachers incorporate  
them into lessons, learners become more aware of their own progress and more engaged in class. We  
live in a time of educational change, and even small efforts to adopt these approaches can bring  
positive results in the future.  
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Second Language Acquisition: Main Theories  
Second Language Acquisition (SLA) is explained through a range of theories and hypotheses that  
describe how learners acquire an additional language. These theories are commonly grouped into three  
main categories: Sociolinguistic Models, Linguistic Models, and Cognitive Models.  
Sociolinguistic Model  
This model explores how language varies according to social factors such as religion, ethnicity,  
education, gender, or status. It examines how these variables influence speech patterns and how  
adherence or creativity within these rules reflects group identity and social class.  
Linguistic Model  
The linguistic model focuses on the systematic study of language itself. It examines how humans  
develop and use languages across contexts. As Richards (1999, p.215) explains, “Linguistics is the  
scientific study of language as a system of human communication.” In practice, this model helps  
learners understand the structures and phenomena of language.  
Cognitive Model  
This model emphasizes the role of mental processes in language learning. It views learning as a  
process of internal change, where learners build mental representations of language through images,  
sounds, and contexts. In this sense, the cognitive model presents language acquisition as a natural and  
adaptive process shaped by thought and experience.  
Output Hypothesis  
Swain’s Output Hypothesis highlights the role of “pushed output.” Learners don’t just passively absorb  
language; they need opportunities to produce it. Through speaking and interaction, they notice gaps in  
their knowledge and make progress.  
Noticing function: learners realize what they can or cannot express.  
Hypothesis-testing function: they experiment with forms, even if grammar is not always correct.  
Metalinguistic function: feedback from teachers helps refine their grammar and expression.  
This process helps learners regulate their own output and internalize new structures. By focusing on  
communication, they gradually expand their ability to express meaning accurately and appropriately.  
Input Hypothesis  
One of Krashen’s most influential contributions is the distinction between language acquisition and  
language learning. Acquisition refers to the natural processsimilar to how children learn their first  
languagethrough interaction and meaningful communication. Learning, by contrast, is linked to  
formal instruction and explicit grammar study, which Krashen considered less central.  
He also proposed five key hypotheses: the acquisitionlearning hypothesis, the monitor hypothesis, the  
natural order hypothesis, the affective filter hypothesis, and the input hypothesis. The input hypothesis,  
in particular, emphasizes comprehensible input: learners progress from their current level i to the next  
level i+1 when they understand messages that contain slightly more complex structures (Krashen,  
1985, p.22).  
This explains phenomena such as overgeneralizationfor example, a child saying mouses instead of  
mice. Errors like this show how learners actively test rules while acquiring language.  
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Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL)  
Globalization and linguistic diversity have increased the need for effective communication in a second  
language. CLIL addresses this by integrating content learning with language learning. It is considered  
a key tool in curriculum design, as it enhances both subject knowledge and language competence.  
Despite its benefits, CLIL has been criticized. Some argue it can serve political or ideological purposes—  
promoting certain languages, particularly English, at the expense of others (the “Trojan Horse”  
argument). Still, its practical advantages are clear: CLIL improves communication skills and gives  
learners an edge in academic and professional contexts.  
Ellis (1994, p.388) compares language learning to acquiring any skill, such as driving or playing tennis.  
It requires practice that transforms declarative knowledge (what we know) into procedural knowledge  
(what we can do automatically and efficiently).  
Critical Thinking Skills  
Communicative approaches in ELT emphasize real-life contexts that encourage learners to think  
critically while using language. CLIL, in particular, draws on Bloom’s Taxonomy, which organizes  
learning objectives into six levels: Remembering, Understanding, Applying, Analyzing, Evaluating, and  
Creating.  
These levels move from basic to higher-order thinking. By integrating critical thinking into language  
teaching, learners not only develop linguistic competence but also strengthen cognitive skills such as  
problem-solving, reasoning, and creativity. In the classroom, this leads to richer interaction, deeper  
understanding, and more meaningful use of L2.  
Technology and Education  
In language learning, many factors influence the processsuch as context, culture, and age. However,  
one element consistently present across all these variables is assessment and testing, which play a  
crucial role in the teachinglearning process. Even within communicative language teaching, it is still  
common to rely on summative, objective tests to measure achievement and proficiency.  
A decade ago, access to technological resources was far more limited, especially in disadvantaged  
areas. Today, however, the situation has changed. For example, research in Iran explored how  
smartphones can support reading development in EFL classes. As Gheytasi, Azizifar, and Gowhary  
(2015) observe, “smartphones have turned into an everyday object for teenagers and many believe that  
these can be used to facilitate the language learning process.” Similarly, in Turkey, studies on blogging  
in EFL contexts have shown that “the use of blogs in EFL writing in a process-based approach positively  
affects writing achievement” (Özdemir & Aydın, 2015).  
In Ecuador, some private schools have already incorporated smartphones into their classrooms. While  
certain teachers support this practice, others remain skeptical. Gheytasi et al. (2015) highlight concerns  
such as classroom interruptions and misuse of devices during lessons, emphasizing that “technology  
does not work alone; students must be observed and supervised at all times” (p.90).  
The influence of technological progress in education reflects the demands of today’s competitive and  
unequal society. Technology can enhance learning, but only if institutions provide adequate  
infrastructure and if school leaders and teachers are open to learning how to use it flexibly and  
effectively. ICT tools bring new challenges for teachers, but also new opportunities to guide, motivate,  
and adapt lessons. As Legutke and Thomas (1991) note, teachers are key in ensuring the  
appropriateness of tasks, monitoring deadlines, supporting project work, and keeping learners  
engaged.  
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ICT use in the classroom allows students to connect anytime and anywhere, often through collaborative  
work. This enables them to interact with people from other countries, share experiences, and build a  
more diverse learning environment. In doing so, learners gain opportunities to express themselves,  
reflect on their progress, and broaden their perspectives.  
Education through ICT  
ICT plays an increasingly important role in education, which is why many professionals now see it as  
an effective support in the classroom. When technology is introduced into a community with a clear  
vision for the future, the responsibility does not fall only on teachers. School authorities must also  
create pathways to provide sufficient resources and materials. One of the most valuable contributions  
of ICT is its ability to foster innovative learning environments where students can easily connect with  
their teachers and wider community. In addition, the integration of ICT in the learning process involves  
working across four key areas of competence: Pedagogy, Collaboration and Networking, Social Issues,  
and Technical Issues.  
According with the Frameworks for ICTs in Teacher Education image, the pedagogy part refers about  
the teacher’s instructional practices and knowledge curriculum within their disciplines to create  
material and apply the ICT´s correctly in the classroom. Khvilon mentioned about the adaptation of  
technology in the classroom. “The adaption of ICTs by teachers should (and does) challenge and  
support changes in teaching practice, building upon individual pedagogic expertise. As teachers’  
pedagogical practices with new technologies continue to develop, and organizational support and  
access to ICTs grow.” (Khvilon, 2002, p.42).  
An essential role of the teacher in the learning process is to create an environment where learners feel  
comfortable and supported. Collaboration and networking help identify ways to share information while  
respecting the intercultural context of the community. These practices also open opportunities for  
innovative projects. As Khvilon (2002, p.43) notes, “Through collaboration and networking, professional  
teachers promote democratic learning within the classroom and draw upon expertise both locally and  
globally.”  
Equally important are the social and health aspects of ICT use. This includes promoting ethical  
behavior, such as respecting copyright and intellectual property, and encouraging moderate and  
responsible use of technological devices. Khvilon (2002, p.43) also highlights that “hazards of  
electricity and other power sources require care and the modeling of safe practice, the technology  
standards for students and teachers from the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE).”  
Finally, the dimension of technical issues emphasizes the need for teachers to continually update their  
skills in both hardware and software as technology evolves. For example, the use of laptops in the  
classroom offers teachers a practical and efficient way to access and present information. In this  
sense, technology becomes not just a tool, but part of an ongoing professional lifestyle.  
Change in the Development of Education  
ICT has significantly transformed the way learners interact with content, tasks, classmates, and  
teachers. This reflects the broader development of education alongside technology in today’s society.  
In 1994, the European Community recognized the emergence of the information society, a new model  
of economic, social, political, and cultural organization. This society brought with it new ways of  
working, communicating, learning, thinking, and living.  
The internet provides a clear example of ICT’s impact on society. Beyond being a tool for  
communication, information search, and data processing, the internet has created a complex global  
space for social interaction and learning. In education, this means that learners can engage with  
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knowledge, collaborate, and participate in learning communities in ways that were previously  
impossible, reshaping both teaching and learning processes.  
Shayon and Cols (2007, p. 187) consider ICT’s as a “new social forms in which people are not obliged  
to live, meet or work face to face to produce goods, offer services or maintain meaningful social  
relationships.”  
This highlights the significant role ICT plays in society. Its application in education goes beyond simply  
using technological toolsit also involves investing in infrastructure and communication networks to  
ensure broad and effective access.  
Digital convergence allows written text, audio, video, and animations to be combined in a single  
document, creating richer and more engaging learning materials. Alongside the pressures of the market  
for faster, more efficient, and reliable data exchange, this has accelerated the development of new  
applications that make learning more innovative and motivating for students. By integrating these tools  
thoughtfully, educators can achieve positive and meaningful learning outcomes.  
Learning about ICT  
Virtual classrooms and ICT tools are increasingly important for educational development worldwide. It  
is not enough to know the theory behind ICT; teachers must also be proficient in using these tools in  
the classroom. Familiarity with computer programs, word processing, databases, and interactive  
platformsalong with understanding their functions for communication and information  
managementforms the foundation for the effective use of ICT in education.  
Use of Technologies in Education  
ICT plays a vital role in modern education and can be applied in various ways:  
Learning Object: Students develop essential computer skills, using technology as a practical tool for  
their studies, future workplace tasks, and lifelong learning.  
Medium for Learning: Technology serves as a vehicle for learning in different settingsface-to-face,  
distance education, and self-directed studythrough virtual courses, exercises, video conferences, and  
simulations. In traditional teaching, these tools complement and reinforce content.  
Support for Learning: ICT acts as a pedagogical aid integrated into daily learning. It supports both  
personal and professional growth and promotes the idea of learning to learn.  
In handling information, ICT tools are central to effective strategies, enabling students to work  
efficiently, clearly, and creatively. Common tools include databases, word processors, spreadsheets,  
educational software, HTML editors, presentation software, discussion forums, digital cameras, and  
video conferencing platforms. These tools support tasks such as research, video production, project  
creation, and virtual classrooms.  
In today’s information-driven society, pedagogy must evolve. True intelligence is demonstrated by  
students who ask meaningful questions and can answer them. Technology alone cannot replace  
teaching; it should enhance traditional pedagogy, not substitute for it.  
Computer Programs  
Computer software is designed to make tasks easier and more efficient. Unlike systems software,  
programming languages, or utility programs, software provides practical solutions for specific  
problems. Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer, while software is its logical  
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system. Operating systems act as a bridge between the two. Programs can be developed for particular  
needs or as integrated packages that address multiple tasks simultaneously.  
Text Processing  
Word processing software allows students to create, edit, format, and print documents of any size or  
complexity. Programs range from basic to functional to advanced, giving beginners a structured way  
to learn progressively.  
Basic Features: Writing and editing were once done on typewriters. Modern software, like Microsoft  
Word, makes it easy to correct documents, move quickly between sections, and insert or delete text.  
Functions like copy-and-paste allow users to reuse text efficiently, store documents for future sessions,  
and create multiple versions.  
Functional Characteristics: Advanced features differentiate word processors from typewriters,  
including tabulators for columns, alignment options, line spacing, margins, styles, and numbering.  
These tools allow precise and organized document creation.  
Interactive Programs: Interactive programs require continuous input from users, unlike batch  
processing where instructions are given upfront. They are useful for learning and practicing tasks that  
require feedback and adaptation.  
For educators, ICT facilitates interaction with extensive knowledge and makes learning environments  
more engaging. Teachers can adopt different levels of technology in the classroom depending on the  
tasks, while balancing ease of use with efficiency. Not every feature needs to be mastered; tools should  
save time, reduce fatigue, and avoid unnecessary repetition.  
E Learning  
The terminology refers to the learning process by means of electronic devices. This one is considered  
around the world as a business, industry and education, it is a form to learn in an autonomous form.  
Anderson mentioned the e learning:  
ICT provides the vehicle, e-learning can be described as the journey, with increased knowledge,  
understanding and skills as the destination. In other words, we use ICT´S to participate in various  
electronic learning activities. Underlying these activities are all the electronic devices that enable  
learners to connect to networks the World Wide Web or simply the web and associated web  
technologies like browsers and search engines that allow learners to interact with content on the web.  
(2010, p. 38)  
It is universally acknowledged that browsers are a common web tool to find information - web pages,  
images and videos- as well as the search engine helps the user to find information in an easy way. The  
most popular around the world is Google or Mozilla.  
Virtual Classrooms  
The alternative of teaching and learning applying the ICT`S in education has given way to the creation  
of virtual classrooms which plays a very important role as an educational model of pedagogical  
innovation at the present time. The face-to-face education or the interaction between teacher and  
students directly in the classroom is related to ambiguous education.  
Currently, the spaces designed for the student are well known as virtual classrooms, and they are  
constituted in the new learning environment becoming powerful devices of communication and  
distribution of knowledge. In addition, they offer a space to attend, guide, and evaluate the participants.  
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Moodle  
Moodle is considered as an essential virtual tool in education where the teacher can create a virtual  
class with opportunities for rich interaction and collaboration with their students. Moodle has different  
options in its design aspects; the student and teacher have an easy way to keep in touch.  
Furthermore, this Virtual Educative Environment web application manages courses helping educators  
create online learning communities. This type of technology platform is also known as LMS.  
Dokeos  
It is a content management application and creation of online courses. It is free software and is under  
license, development is international and collaborative. It can be used as a content management  
system for educators and educators. It is possible to build visual learning without graphical expertise.  
Claroline  
It is asynchronous and collaborative groupware free software. It is written in the programming language  
PHP and follows SCORM specifications. It is available for platforms (Linux) and free browsers (Mozilla,  
Netscape). In this collaborative eLearning and eWorking platform, the learner and teacher can submit  
or publish documents in different formats text, PDF, HTML, video among others-. The educator can  
create groups of users, public or private forums, compose exercises, View statistics of attendance and  
completion exercises.  
Jimdo  
Free web editor based on its own content management system for creating web pages without needing  
HTML knowledge. It is characterized by its speed, free and ease of use. To use this page, it is not  
necessary to know the HTML language to create a free website. Jimdo has three option or services  
accounts JimdoFree, JimdoPro, and JimdoBusiness.  
Wiziq  
It is a cloud-based learning with a suite of integrated features including teleconferencing service that  
allows the creation of virtual courses and online classes by applying the videoconference in addition it  
allows similar results as in Windows Live Meeting or Elluminate.  
Google Drive  
Its synchronization service was developed by Google but the user should have created an account in  
Gmail to use all the benefits. The principal benefit is the option to create word documents in groups or  
submit file formats in different formats text, PDF, HTML, video among others-. Google Drive offers 15  
gigabytes of free storage and also offers 100 gigabytes but it is not free.  
Skype  
It is considered as a telecommunication application that provides video chat and voice conference with  
different people at the same time by means of computers, tablets, mobile devices, the Xbox One  
console, and smart watches via the Internet.  
Schoology  
This website is focused on K12 School and it is designed for district success or keeps in touch with the  
community creating in the students by means of their option different values. It is important to mention  
that this website is free. They have different option and resources like videos, Webinars, Presentations,  
Best Practices, Research, Stories and Professional Services.  
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RESULTS  
In this section, the information obtained through the application of collection tools has been processed  
to carry out an extensive analysis to verify how it is related to the specific objectives. It is of utmost  
importance to mention that the application of ICT’s in the classroom was performed as a process of  
adaptation; for this reason, the results were obtained progressively.  
The teacher’s survey was applied to collect information about the teacher’s experiences using  
technological resources in the classroom by means of a reinforcement course of English Learning  
Process. In addition, questionnaire two aimed to find out the students’ attitude towards this innovative  
form of ITC`s. It is necessary to mention that questions were graded by means of the Likert Scale which  
grades from 1 5 (e.g. 1= Never, 2= Rarely 3= Every Once in a While, 4= Sometimes, 5= Almost Always).  
Questionnaire, questions and answers  
The teacher’s survey was applied to two educators of the school; and the information was analyzed by  
means of the following tables.  
Table 1  
Result question 1. Teacher’ survey.  
1
Question  
Teacher  
Answer  
How often do you use ICT´s in the classroom?  
1
2
4
4
Source: Author’s own creation (2026).  
According to table 1, the teachers sometimes use technological resources in the classroom; therefore,  
the Virtual Course of Reinforcement and Consolidation Knowledge English World does not show any  
problems to be applied in the learning process with the students in order to consolidate knowledge.  
Khvilon (2002, p.43) mentioned “The adaptation of ICTs by teachers should (and does) challenge and  
support changes in teaching practice, building upon individual pedagogic expertise.”  
Table 2  
Result question 2. Teacher’ survey  
2
Question  
Did you get enough information about the use of ICT´s in  
the classroom?  
Teacher  
Answer  
1
2
4
5
Source: Author’s own creation (2026).  
In table 2, the results show that the teachers know about the use of ICT´s in the classroom. They are  
aware of how useful the technological tools can be to support, enhance, and optimize the teaching  
experience in the classroom. I can conclude that the teachers know the correct use of the Virtual Course  
of Reinforcement and Consolidation Knowledge English World in the learning process by means of  
ICT's. Khvilon (2002, p.75) stated about the importance of professional development “Professional  
development is not a one-time event it should be focused on the needs of the faculty member, teacher,  
or administrator and sustained through coaching and periodic updates.”  
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Table 3  
Result question 3. Teacher’ survey  
3
Question  
Teacher  
Answer  
Have you considered having enough  
nformation about use of Jimdo?  
1
2
4
5
Source: Author’s own creation (2026).  
The website Jimdo was easily applied in the classroom by the teachers; it is a tool, therefore, which can  
help enhance communication between teachers and students. The results in table 3 showed positive  
results. The Jimdo Website is a communicational channel between teachers and students that  
encourages interaction out of the classroom at any time and at any place. Khvilon (2002, p.43)  
mentioned about the use of the ICT's tools in the classroom, “It is important for teacher education  
institutions to understand the knowledge and skills necessary for teachers to effectively use ICTs in  
their instruction.”  
Table 4  
Result question 4. Teacher’ survey  
4
Question  
Teacher  
Answer  
Did the use of the ICT’s help accomplish the  
objectives of the planning in the classroom?  
1
2
4
5
Source: Author’s own creation (2026).  
According to table Nº 4, the teachers agreed that the technological resources applied in the classroom  
helped accomplish the objectives of the planning. The Virtual Course of Reinforcement and  
Consolidation Knowledge English World is a support tool in the classroom for the teachers as a way to  
improve the learning and teaching process. This virtual course follows the Ecuadorian English  
Language Curriculum and works hand in hand with the Curricular Threads of Communication, Cultural  
Awareness, Oral Communication (Listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing) and Language through the  
Arts.  
Table 5  
Result question 5. Teacher’ survey  
5
Question  
Teacher  
Answer  
Was data of the English Learning Process evaluation easy to  
collect and submit through Jimdo?  
1
2
5
5
Source: Author’s own creation (2026).  
According to table 5, the teachers mentioned that gathering information through the use of Jimdo was  
easy. This free web editor is based on its own content management system for creating web pages  
even if you do not have any knowledge to operate HTML content. It is characterized by its speed. It is  
free and easy to work in case you want to further use it. In addition, it is not necessary to know the  
HTML language to either upload or download information.  
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Table 6  
Result questions 6. Teacher’ survey  
6
Question  
Teacher  
Answer  
How would you grade the Virtual Course of Reinforcement and  
Consolidation Knowledge  
1
2
5
5
English World in the classroom?  
Source: Author’s own creation (2026).  
Evaluation is an important part in the learning process. According to table N° 6, the teachers are  
satisfied with the use of the Virtual Course of Reinforcement and Consolidation Knowledge English  
World in the classroom. They believe it is a useful tool in order to work with the students. These results  
affirm the importance of working with technological resources in the classroom. Furthermore, the  
predisposition of teachers for the use of technological resources is quite acceptable.  
Table 7  
Result questions 7. Teacher’ survey  
7
Question  
Teacher  
Answer  
Was there enough time to apply the reinforcement material  
using the ICT`s tools in the classroom?  
1
2
4
5
Source: Author’s own creation (2026).  
In Table 7, the English teachers of Bicentenario D7 high school stated that there was enough time to  
apply the reinforcement material. This answer shows that the use of technological resources is very  
effective in the process of Reinforcement and Consolidation Knowledge for both the students and the  
teachers. Therefore, the students feel comfortable using technological resources in their learning  
process because these materials give them the opportunity to practice more easily with a lot of  
information provided by the student’s manual in an autonomous education process.  
Table 8  
Result questions 8. Teacher’ survey  
8
Question  
Teacher  
Answer  
Do you feel comfortable with the activities of Virtual Course of  
Reinforcement and Consolidation Knowledge English World  
applied in the classroom?  
1
2
5
5
Source: Author’s own creation (2026).  
According to Table 8, the teachers feel comfortable with all the activities applied in the virtual course.  
This creates, therefore, a more innovative and motivating environment between teachers and students.  
Ball mentioned about the motivation:  
There is internal motivation, or push. It’s an internal state that impels one to act towards achieving a  
certain goal. Then there is external motivation, or pull. It’s when an external goal influences one’s  
behaviour towards them. Behaviour is a complex blend of internal pushes and external pulls. (2012 p.  
65)  
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The influence of innovative activities in the teaching and learning process could trigger internal  
motivation to learn a second language. This motivation will certainly help the students achieve their  
learning goals.  
Table 9  
Result, questions 9. Teacher’ survey  
9
Question  
Teacher  
Answer  
Did you receive enough advice from the autor about the use of  
reinforcement material applying the ICT`s tools?  
1
2
4
4
Source: Author’s own creation (2026).  
The teachers did not have enough information to apply the new material, so it was a challenge to apply  
it. The school coordination, however, with the help of the author and the teachers were able to overcome  
this problem, so that excellent results were achieved at the end of the process. The teachers’ planning  
card and the student’s manual helped to answer all the questions about the correct use of the  
technological tools. Moreover, it is of paramount importance to mention that the students have  
different ways of learning and using the material.  
Table 10  
Result questions 10, Teacher’ survey  
Question  
As a way to improve the content, could you please give us your suggestions or comments about  
this material?  
10  
Teacher 1: This reinforcement course is a useful material in which the students can  
work with interactive activities using some technological resources inside or outside  
the classroom. I suggest that you store all the information on a CD-ROM because it  
is sometimes difficult to download the information off the Jimdo web page.  
Teacher 2: I have already applied this material with my students, and they now feel  
more motivated to learn English. I would like to suggest an evaluation rubric for  
each speaking activity because each activity and topic has  
different goals to accomplish in the classroom.  
Source: Author’s own creation (2026).  
At the end of the survey, the teachers answered an open question in which they wrote suggestions and  
comments about the material. They mentioned the importance of having all the information stored on  
a CD ROM because they think it is an easier and faster way to have access to the information. The  
teacher 2 mentioned that the material has helped in the classroom with the students. Motivation is a  
fundamental part of learning a second language.  
The assimilation of this Virtual Course of Reinforcement and Consolidation Knowledge by the teachers  
has been amazing. The educator suggested the option to develop different rubrics for the speaking  
section taking into consideration both the topic and the grammar content.  
CONCLUSIONS  
The conclusions and recommendations are grouped by dimensions, based on the interpretation of the  
results. The conclusions are elaborated in a hierarchical order of directional form based on the results  
obtained in the diagnostic and the feasibility study.  
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As a conclusion, the use of the ICT’s in the classroom by the teachers and the students can help improve  
the learning experience due to the fact that education and technology are now working hand in hand.  
This material was designed according to the class environment and the students’ needs as an  
innovative way to learn.  
The results analyzed in the Results and Discussion section show the students’ perceptions towards the  
use of ICT’s tools to develop a second language in class. It is worth mentioning that the use of  
technological tools has brought about positive results. The use of technology as a teaching tool in an  
EFL class has a great potential in the development of the four language skills. The cutting-edge  
technology has provided learners with innovative opportunities to develop their second language skills  
even out of the classroom. Likewise, this material provides the students with autonomy to learn at their  
pace and at any place they want to. It is important to know that the teachers have more tools in the  
classroom to develop the students’ skills in the learning process. In the same way, the teachers have  
to be eclectic to know how to choose their material, but there are some schools that force teachers to  
use some textbooks that, in fact, they are not useful for the group they have.  
In the final project, the different cases of Learner Self-Reports give important information about the  
process of language learning. In the classroom, therefore, we have to take into consideration the  
different students’ needs to learn a second language. Some of them will learn fast and other students  
will learn slowly. Moreover, there are some students who will learn the language through the  
observation of some pictures or listening to sounds such as songs, chants, rhymes, etc. In summary,  
the learning process needs special attention if we want to achieve positive results at the end of the  
instruction. Besides, some authors mentioned the influence of aptitude on the learning process  
because there are some students who are not interested in learning a new language. I disagree when  
the teacher avoids taking responsibility for giving a clear and concise explanation of his or her class.  
The classroom is an amazing place where the teacher can interact, or apply new strategies and  
methodologies to improve the learning process; and, the ICT’s allow the teachers to communicate with  
the students at any time.  
The socio-cultural factor has some influence on the teaching-learning process. Furthermore, linguistic  
and cognitive information will help me improve the process. It is then very important to create a class  
environment in which the students can express or share their background information with other peers.  
In the same way, the teachers have to take into account the students’ learning styles when preparing  
their classes. I read about Krashen’s Natural Order Hypothesis, and I was able to understand the  
students’ natural process of learning a second language.  
The teachers should be careful with the use of the seven steps of this virtual course of Reinforcement  
and Consolidation Knowledge English World. (1. - Warm up activity 2. Presentation 3. Process 4. -  
Production. 5. - Assessment 6. - Follow up 7. Feedback) the use of the virtual course will help me  
achieve good results throughout the school year. First, the Speech Emergency should be applied to  
create a comfortable class environment. Second, the teachers must be aware of the students’ L1 and  
L2. This knowledge will help teachers make connections between the students’ background knowledge  
and the new instruction. For example, some of the students love playing some sports, so that the  
teachers could include some information about sports in their lesson plans. Finally, the students will be  
able to create a class environment in which they can discuss and share their ideas.  
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LATAM Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Asunción, Paraguay.  
ISSN en línea: 2789-3855, mayo, 2026, Volumen VII, Número 3 p 129.