Competencias de enfermería en liderazgo y organización del trabajo asistencial para la gestión efectiva de recursos humanos en salud
Nursing competencies in leadership and work organization for effective human resource management in healthcare
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56712/latam.v6i3.4169Palabras clave:
liderazgo en enfermería, gestión de recursos humanos, organización del trabajo asistencial, competencias profesionalesResumen
La creciente complejidad de los sistemas de salud ha ampliado el rol del profesional de enfermería, incluyendo funciones relacionadas con la gestión de recursos humanos, liderazgo clínico y organización del trabajo asistencial. De ahí que, se propuso identificar las competencias de enfermería en la gestión de recursos humanos en salud, con énfasis en el liderazgo y la organización del trabajo asistencial. Esta revisión sistemática identificó y analizó estudios publicados entre 2021 y 2025 que abordaron las competencias de enfermería en estos ámbitos. Se realizó una búsqueda en cuatro bases de datos, aplicando criterios de inclusión definidos por el modelo PICO. Se seleccionaron 12 estudios observacionales con diseños transversales, que incluyeron muestras de enfermeros asistenciales y jefaturas en contextos hospitalarios. Los instrumentos aplicados variaron entre cuestionarios validados y herramientas autoconstruidas. Los hallazgos indican que los estilos de liderazgo transformacional, auténtico y clínico se relacionan con mejoras en la calidad del cuidado, el compromiso organizacional, la innovación, la organización del trabajo y la retención del personal. También se identificó que la autonomía profesional, la comunicación efectiva y la gestión del entorno laboral son componentes clave en la organización asistencial liderada por enfermería. No se realizó metaanálisis debido a la heterogeneidad metodológica. Se concluye que las competencias en liderazgo y organización del trabajo asistencial contribuyen al fortalecimiento de los servicios de salud. Estos resultados ofrecen una base para desarrollar programas de formación y estrategias institucionales que reconozcan el rol estratégico de enfermería en la gestión de los equipos de salud.
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