Estrategias de afrontamiento asociadas a la ansiedad por rendimiento académico en estudiantes: revisión sistemática
Coping strategies associated with academic performance anxiety in students: a systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56712/latam.v7i4.6232Palabras clave:
ansiedad académica, estrategias de afrontamiento, rendimiento académico, regulación emocional, estudiantesResumen
Esta revisión sistemática (RS) tuvo como objetivo sintetizar la evidencia científica disponible sobre la asociación entre estrategias de afrontamiento y la ansiedad por rendimiento académico en estudiantes de educación secundaria y superior, identificando los factores psicológicos, familiares y sociocontextuales asociados. La RS se desarrolló según las directrices PRISMA, se utilizaron las bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO y SciELO para identificar los estudios publicados entre 2015 y 2026 en inglés, español y portugués. Tras el proceso de selección, se incluyeron 15 estudios de 1.181 registros inicialmente detectados, evaluando su riesgo de sesgo con las herramientas JBI. Los hallazgos indican que las estrategias de afrontamiento adaptativas (planificación, reevaluación positiva y afrontamiento centrado en el problema), se asociaron con menores niveles de ansiedad y mejores resultados académicos, mientras que, las estrategias desadaptativas (evitación, rumiación y autoculpabilización), se asociaron con mayor ansiedad, procrastinación y bajo rendimiento. Factores como la inteligencia emocional, autoconcepto, apoyo social y estilos de crianza modulan esta dinámica. Asimismo, intervenciones cognitivo-conductuales demostraron efectos favorables reduciendo la sintomatología. Se concluye que las estrategias de afrontamiento modulan directamente la ansiedad por rendimiento académico, su abordaje exige un enfoque ecológico que integre entrenamiento en regulación emocional, apoyo familiar y adaptación de los entornos evaluativos por parte de las instituciones.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Scarley Zulay Armijos Bustamante, Navier Enrique Rebolledo Yange

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.












