Efectividad de la terapia dialéctico-conductual en reducción de conductas autolesivas en personas con trastorno límite de la personalidad y muestras clínicas mixtas
Effectiveness of dialectical-behavioral therapy in reducing self-injurious behaviors in people with borderline personality disorder and mixed clinical samples
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56712/latam.v7i4.6326Palabras clave:
terapia dialéctico-conductual, autolesión, trastorno límite de la personalidad, regulación emocional, adolescentes y adultosResumen
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la efectividad de la terapia dialéctico-conductual (DBT) en la reducción de conductas autolesivas en adolescentes y adultos, tanto en personas con trastorno límite de la personalidad como en muestras clínicas mixtas. Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo los lineamientos PRISMA, mediante la búsqueda en las bases de datos Scopus y Web of Science durante los últimos diez años, incluyendo estudios en español e inglés. Se seleccionaron 25 estudios empíricos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión establecidos. Los resultados muestran una reducción significativa de las conductas autolesivas en distintos contextos clínicos, con efectos de magnitud moderada a alta y evidencia de mantenimiento de los beneficios a largo plazo. Asimismo, los programas de seis meses presentaron resultados comparables a los de doce meses, y la intervención evidenció adaptabilidad en diferentes formatos, incluyendo telesalud y contextos comunitarios. No obstante, se identifican variaciones en la efectividad en función de la fidelidad al tratamiento y la presencia de soporte terapéutico, reportándose en algunos estudios un incremento del riesgo de autolesión en intervenciones de baja intensidad sin acompañamiento. En conclusión, la DBT se presenta como una intervención efectiva y flexible para la reducción de conductas autolesivas, siempre que se mantenga la integridad de sus componentes esenciales.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Paúl Fernando Calle Cadme, Odalia Llerena Companioni
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
