Microorganismos aislados en hemocultivos de adultos procesados en el Hospital General ISSSTE Pachuca "Dra. Columba Rivera Osorio" y su perfil de sensibilidad / resistencia a los agentes antimicrobianos en el periodo noviembre 2022 - marzo 2024
Microorganisms isolated in blood cultures from adults processed at the ISSSTE General Hospital" Dr. Columba Rivera Osorio" and her profile of sensitivity / resistance to antimicrobial agents in the period november 2022 - march 2024
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56712/latam.v5i6.3275Palabras clave:
hemocultivos, bacteriemia, resistencia antimicrobiana, vigilancia epidemiológicaResumen
Las infecciones del torrente sanguíneo son una causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad en pacientes hospitalizados. La identificación rápida y precisa de los microorganismos causantes y su perfil de sensibilidad antimicrobiana es crucial para guiar el tratamiento adecuado. Tras la aprobación del proyecto por los comités correspondientes, se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal, descriptivo, retrospectivo en el que se incluyeron resultados de hemocultivos procesados en el laboratorio de microbiología del Hospital General ISSSTE Pachuca "Dra. Columba Rivera Osorio" durante el período noviembre 2022 - Marzo 2024. Se recolectaron datos sobre las características demográficas de los pacientes, servicio de procedencia, microorganismos aislados y su perfil de sensibilidad/resistencia antimicrobiana. Con la información obtenida se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo en el programa SPSS v.26 calculando frecuencias y porcentajes de los microorganismos aislados y sus perfiles de resistencia. Se incluyeron 491 pacientes, con edad media de 60.1±16.1 años (44.8% femeninos y 55.2% masculinos). Los servicios que más solicitaron hemocultivos fueron medicina interna (50.3%) y urgencias (28.1%). Los cultivos fueron centrales en el 1.2% de los pacientes y periféricos en 98.8%. La tasa de positividad global de los hemocultivos fue de 31.0%. Los patógenos más comúnmente aislados fueron Staphylococcus epidermidis en el 21.7%, Escherichia coli en el 11.2%, Staphylococcus haemolyticus en el 7.2%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa en el 6.6%, Staphylococcus aureus en el 5.9%, Klebsiella pneumoniae en el 5.9%, y Staphylococcus hominis en el 5.3%. Los microorganismos más frecuentemente aislados en hemocultivos son patógenos gram positivos y dado que existe elevada resistencia a antimicrobianos se requieren estrategias efectivas para combatir la resistencia antimicrobiana y mejorar el manejo de estas infecciones potencialmente mortales.
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