Impacto emocional y estrategias de afrontamiento en profesionales de enfermería que participan en procedimientos de eutanasia: una revisión sistémica
Emotional impact and coping strategies in nursing professionals involved in euthanasia procedures: a systemic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56712/latam.v6i5.4645Palabras clave:
eutanasia, personal de enfermería, regulación emocional, enfermería, distrés psicológicoResumen
Los profesionales de enfermería que participan en procedimientos de eutanasia experimentan un complejo impacto emocional que incluye angustia, culpa, ansiedad y síndrome de burnout, afectando su bienestar y desempeño profesional. Objetivo: Analizar el impacto emocional de la participación en procedimientos de eutanasia en profesionales de enfermería, considerando factores sociodemográficos, repercusiones en el entorno laboral y social, así como las estrategias de afrontamiento empleadas. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática bajo la declaración PRISMA y el marco PICO. Se consultaron PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SciELO y Google Académico entre enero y septiembre de 2025. Se incluyeron estudios de 2020-2025 en inglés, español y portugués, con énfasis en el impacto emocional y afrontamiento del personal de enfermería. Resultados: Se analizaron 25 artículos, mayoritariamente transversales, con predominio de enfermeras mujeres (76,8%), de 25 a 45 años y experiencia laboral entre 1 y 25 años. El impacto identificado fue multidimensional, destacando conflictos éticos y espirituales, carga emocional y estrés ocupacional. Se documentaron ansiedad, depresión, burnout y problemas familiares. Entre las principales estrategias de afrontamiento emergieron la autoconfianza, el crecimiento emocional, la tolerancia, la comunicación asertiva, el apoyo social y familiar, así como la autoeducación. Conclusiones: La participación en eutanasia constituye un riesgo psicosocial significativo para enfermería, trascendiendo lo clínico y afectando la vida personal y profesional. Se requieren protocolos de acompañamiento, formación ética y apoyo institucional que promuevan resiliencia, prevengan el desgaste emocional y garanticen un ejercicio humanizado y sostenible.Descargas
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