Innovaciones en la cirugía robótica para el tratamiento del cáncer de próstata: Evaluación de las mejoras en la precisión y recuperación postoperatoria
Innovations in robotic surgery for the treatment of prostate cancer: Evaluation of improvements in accuracy and postoperative recovery
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56712/latam.v7i2.5741Palabras clave:
prostatectomía radical, preservación neurovascular, resonancia multiparamétrica, supervivencia libre de progresión, navegación quirúrgica, calidad de vidaResumen
La prostatectomía radical asistida por robot se ha consolidado como una alternativa quirúrgica relevante en el tratamiento del cáncer de próstata al combinar una comprensión anatómica detallada con recursos tecnológicos que favorecen la precisión operatoria y la preservación funcional. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las innovaciones recientes en la cirugía robótica aplicada al tratamiento del cáncer de próstata y evaluar su impacto en la precisión quirúrgica y la recuperación postoperatoria. El conocimiento preciso de la cápsula prostática, el ápex, los planos fasciales y los haces neurovasculares es fundamental para obtener márgenes quirúrgicos negativos, disminuir el riesgo de recurrencia bioquímica y preservar la continencia urinaria y la función eréctil. Se desarrolló una investigación con enfoque cualitativo, de tipo revisión narrativa estructurada y diseño no experimental de carácter documental, mediante la búsqueda de literatura científica en bases de datos indexadas. La evaluación preoperatoria mediante resonancia magnética multiparamétrica permite una planificación más exacta del procedimiento y una mejor estratificación del riesgo tumoral. A su vez, las plataformas robóticas han incorporado visión tridimensional de alta definición, instrumentos articulados y navegación en tiempo real que mejoran la disección quirúrgica. La integración de fluorescencia con indocianina y aplicaciones basadas en inteligencia artificial ha fortalecido la identificación de estructuras críticas y la personalización del abordaje. En conjunto, estos avances se asocian con resultados oncológicos favorables, recuperación funcional más temprana y estancias hospitalarias más cortas.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Stephany González Lobo, Yarizol Delgado Paniagua, Lloyd Steven Shedden Hidalgo, Joshmar Tadlaoui Gonzalez
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
