Factores de riesgo del acoso escolar: una revisión sistemática
Risk factors for school bullying: a systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56712/latam.v7i3.5936Palabras clave:
acoso escolar, factores de riesgo, victimización, conductas agresivas, clima escolarResumen
El acoso escolar es un asunto global que ocurre con frecuencia entre los jóvenes, causando serias alteraciones en su progreso académico y en su salud física y emocional. En la actualidad, ha adquirido una importancia considerable, ya que las estadísticas indican un aumento notable en su frecuencia y presencia. Se seleccionaron las bases de datos: PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science, de las que se extrajeron las investigaciones analizadas. Para este propósito, se tomó como guía el Protocolo PRISMA, que orienta los procedimientos utilizados. Tras un exhaustivo análisis y selección, se añadieron 10 estudios originales que examinaban los elementos de peligro vinculados al acoso escolar. Respecto a los hallazgos, estos se explican mediante múltiples factores tanto individuales como sociales. En el primer grupo, se identificó una conexión con ciertos rasgos de personalidad, la existencia de trastornos psicológicos o patológicos y comportamientos que elevan la probabilidad de ser afectado. En cuanto a los factores sociales, se consideraron características demográficas, capacidades de manejo emocional y redes de apoyo social, como factores significativos que ilustran el fenómeno del bullying escolar en las relaciones entre jóvenes. Se determina que el bullying escolar es un asunto continuo entre los jóvenes estudiantes. El análisis de investigaciones científicas sobre los riesgos que influyen en la victimización por bullying en el entorno escolar normalmente incluye diversos aspectos, desde factores personales hasta situaciones sociales más elaboradas. La intervención o la prevención debe centrarse en la variedad de factores para alcanzar resultados más efectivos.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Wilson Alexy Vásquez Ramírez
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