Protocolos de recuperación mejorada después de la cirugía en artroplastia: redefiniendo la recuperación en cadera y rodilla
Enhanced recovery protocols after arthroplasty surgery: redefining recovery in hip and knee
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56712/latam.v7i3.5953Palabras clave:
artroplastia de reemplazo, protocolo eras, recuperación acelerada, analgesia multimodal, ortopediaResumen
La osteoartritis es una enfermedad degenerativa que produce destrucción progresiva del cartílago articular, dolor y limitación funcional, siendo la artroplastia total de cadera (ATC) y rodilla (ATR) el tratamiento en estadios avanzados. Los protocolos de Recuperación Mejorada Después de la Cirugía (ERAS) han surgido como una estrategia multimodal destinada a optimizar el manejo perioperatorio y acelerar la recuperación del paciente. Evaluar el impacto de los protocolos ERAS en la artroplastia total de cadera y rodilla, particularmente en la reducción de la estancia hospitalaria, el control del dolor y la mejora de los resultados funcionales. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica con búsqueda sistematizada siguiendo la declaración PRISMA 2020 en las bases de datos PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library y ScienceDirect, incluyendo estudios publicados entre 2021 y 2026 en inglés y español. La evidencia demuestra que la implementación de protocolos ERAS reduce la estancia hospitalaria a 1–2 días, mejora el control del dolor mediante analgesia multimodal, disminuye el uso de opioides y reduce complicaciones como sangrado y tromboembolismo venoso, además de favorecer una recuperación funcional más temprana. Los protocolos ERAS representan una estrategia segura y eficaz para optimizar la recuperación postoperatoria en pacientes sometidos a artroplastia de cadera y rodilla, permitiendo una recuperación más rápida sin aumentar las tasas de complicaciones ni reingresos hospitalarios.Palabras clave: de tres a cinco palabras clave separadas por comas con primera letra en minúscula.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Michael Gustavo Miranda Coello, Neyda Narcisa Ortega Betancourth, Ángel Paul Martínez Gutiérrez, Melanie Victoria Gavilánez Jiménez, Wilian Ricardo Tiupil Cujilema, Francisco Javier Guzmán Bravo

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.












