Síndrome de burnout en el personal sanitario ecuatoriano: revisión sistemática de la literatura
Burnout syndrome in ecuadorian healthcare personnel: systematic literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56712/latam.v7i3.6125Palabras clave:
burnout, personal sanitario, agotamiento emocional, salud ocupacional, EcuadorResumen
El síndrome de Burnout constituye un problema relevante en el ámbito sanitario debido a sus efectos sobre la salud física y mental de los profesionales y sobre la calidad de la atención. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la prevalencia y los factores asociados al síndrome de Burnout en el personal sanitario de distintas ciudades del Ecuador. Se realizó una revisión sistemática con análisis comparativo de estudios observacionales publicados entre 2020 y 2025. El proceso de búsqueda y selección se desarrolló conforme a las recomendaciones PRISMA 2020. La calidad metodológica se valoró mediante una versión adaptada de la herramienta AMSTAR. La búsqueda se efectuó en PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO y Google Scholar. Se incluyeron doce estudios en el análisis final. Los resultados mostraron una prevalencia variable entre 2,6 % y 93,7 %, condicionada por el tipo de servicio, la carga laboral y el contexto asistencial. El agotamiento emocional y la despersonalización fueron las dimensiones más frecuentes, mientras que la disminución de la realización personal se presentó en menor proporción. Los principales factores asociados fueron las jornadas prolongadas, la sobrecarga asistencial y el trabajo en áreas críticas, como emergencia y unidades de cuidados intensivos. El contexto posterior a la pandemia por COVID-19 también se relacionó con un mayor desgaste profesional. Estos hallazgos evidencian la necesidad de fortalecer las estrategias institucionales de prevención, apoyo psicosocial y bienestar laboral.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Jacqueline Evelyn Ayala Cangas, Nancy Lizbeth Benavides Nazamues, Mishel Carolina Criollo Cotacachi, Nayeli Fernanda Ayala Cangas
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