Efectividad de la hipotermia terapéutica en la recuperación neurológica de pacientes postparto cardíaco: una revisión sistemática

Effectiveness of therapeutic hypothermia in neurological recovery of postcardiac arrest patients: a systematic review

Autores/as

  • Jason David Ortiz Montero Universidad Técnica de Ambato
  • Kevin Daniel Valenzuela Mireles Universidad Durango Campus Aguascalientes
  • Genesis Monserrath Cuji Gutierrez Universidad Técnica de Ambato
  • Jefferson Alexander Núñez Medina Universidad Técnica de Ambato
  • Cristina Elizabeth Heredia Montenegro Universidad Técnica de Ambato

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56712/latam.v7i3.6126

Palabras clave:

paro cardiaco, regulación de la temperatura corporal, temperatura corporal, hipotermia inducida

Resumen

La hipotermia terapéutica (HT) se ha planteado como estrategia neuroprotectora en el cuidado post-paro cardíaco. Estudios iniciales mostraron beneficios en supervivencia y función neurológica, lo que impulsó su inclusión en guías internacionales. No obstante, evidencia reciente presenta resultados heterogéneos y, en muchos casos, sin mejoras significativas en mortalidad, ni recuperación neurológica. Evaluar la efectividad de la HT en la recuperación neurológica de pacientes adultos post-paro cardíaco, así como las limitaciones de los protocolos y el rol de enfermería en su aplicación. Revisión sistemática de estudios publicados entre 2020 y 2025 en bases de datos científicas internacionales, incluyendo ensayos clínicos, observacionales, revisiones sistemáticas, narrativas y cualitativos. La HT no garantiza beneficios universales. Su efectividad depende de inicio precoz, mantenimiento de la temperatura entre 32–36°C, duración de 12–24 h y recalentamiento progresivo. Se identificaron limitaciones como baja adherencia a protocolos y complicaciones frecuentes, entre ellas arritmias, infecciones y alteraciones metabólicas. Conclusiones: La HT debe aplicarse de manera personalizada y multidisciplinaria, evitando su uso indiscriminado. Futuras investigaciones deben definir los perfiles con mayor beneficio y fortalecer la estandarización de la técnica.

Biografía del autor/a

Jason David Ortiz Montero, Universidad Técnica de Ambato

Kevin Daniel Valenzuela Mireles, Universidad Durango Campus Aguascalientes

Genesis Monserrath Cuji Gutierrez, Universidad Técnica de Ambato

Jefferson Alexander Núñez Medina, Universidad Técnica de Ambato

Cristina Elizabeth Heredia Montenegro, Universidad Técnica de Ambato

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Publicado

2026-06-30

Cómo citar

Ortiz Montero, J. D., Valenzuela Mireles, K. D., Cuji Gutierrez, G. M., Núñez Medina, J. A., & Heredia Montenegro, C. E. (2026). Efectividad de la hipotermia terapéutica en la recuperación neurológica de pacientes postparto cardíaco: una revisión sistemática: Effectiveness of therapeutic hypothermia in neurological recovery of postcardiac arrest patients: a systematic review. LATAM Revista Latinoamericana De Ciencias Sociales Y Humanidades, 7(3), 2508 – 2527. https://doi.org/10.56712/latam.v7i3.6126

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la Salud

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