Manejo de las complicaciones clínicas en pacientes odontológicos con trastornos de ansiedad. Revisión de la Literatura
Management of clinical complications in dental patients with anxiety disorders. Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56712/latam.v6i5.4784Palabras clave:
ansiedad dental, complicaciones clínicas, manejo psicológico, odontofobia, sedación conscienteResumen
La ansiedad en pacientes odontológicos representa una condición psicológica común que interfiere significativamente con el tratamiento clínico. Se asocia con complicaciones como hipersensibilidad al dolor, náuseas, vasovagalismo, respuestas exageradas a estímulos y abandono del tratamiento. Este problema afecta tanto la calidad de vida del paciente como la práctica profesional. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en bases de datos como PubMed, Scopus y Google Scholar, enfocada en artículos entre 2019 y 2024. Se incluyeron estudios relacionados con el impacto de la ansiedad dental, complicaciones clínicas asociadas y estrategias de manejo. Las complicaciones clínicas más frecuentes fueron síncope vasovagal, hiperventilación, aumento de la percepción del dolor, dificultad para aplicar anestesia y comportamientos evasivos. Las estrategias de manejo incluyen técnicas de relajación, uso de anestesia tópica, sedación consciente, y comunicación efectiva. El manejo adecuado de pacientes ansiosos requiere un enfoque multidisciplinario que integre conocimientos psicológicos, farmacológicos y de comunicación. El diagnóstico temprano y la aplicación de técnicas específicas pueden reducir significativamente las complicaciones clínicas y mejorar la experiencia del paciente en consulta.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Luis Alberto Vallejo Izquierdo, Sephora Fernanda Sánchez Reyes, Kevin Eduardo Guano Riofrío, Fernando José Jiménez Aimacaña

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