Gender-based violence on digital platforms: an analysis from the perspectives of psychology and law
Violencia de género en plataformas digitales: un análisis desde las perspectivas de la psicología y el derecho
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56712/latam.v6i6.5023Palabras clave:
violence, cyber, depression, anxiety, jurisprudenceResumen
The fundamental purpose of this article was to analyze gender-based violence in the digital environment from legal and psychological perspectives, employing a qualitative, analytical, and descriptive method. It is argued that gender-based violence in the digital age is primarily a cyber-violent phenomenon, based on a meticulous literature review that included the analysis of key documents, jurisprudence, and relevant literature. Online psychological violence was the focus of the study, highlighting that cyberbullying has a devastating impact on the emotional, mental, and even physical stability of individuals, both women and men. From a psychological perspective, it is clear that women who have experienced online gender-based violence exhibit elevated levels of anxiety, post-traumatic stress, and depression, which seriously affects their health. In legal terms, the legislation in Colombia is examined, specifically Law 1257 of 2008. It is noted that, despite some progress, there are notable shortcomings in the regulatory framework that prevent an appropriate response to the problems faced by victims. The persistence of violence is fueled by the lack of proper classification of certain cybercrimes and by the fact that institutional support is insufficient. It is concluded that gender-based violence in cyberspace comprehensively affects mental health, and that legislative reforms and increased psychological support for victims are essential to effectively address this serious problem.
Descargas
Citas
Abir, S., & Zrizi, H. (2023). International Journal of Arts and Humanities Studies Violence Against Women (VAW) as Gendered Hate Crimes. 31–39. https://doi.org/10.32996/bjahs
Ajduković, D., Car, I., Päivinen, H., Sala-Bubaré, A., Vall, B., & Husso, M. (2021). Building Capacity for Prevention of Gender-Based Violence in the School Context. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(October), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.720034
Almeida, V., Lima, P., Nascimento, J., & Lessa, J. (2023). O Femicide and gender violence: analysis of the role of public entities in Maceió/AL. Diversitas Journal, 8(2), 937–952. https://doi.org/10.48017/dj.v8i2.1372
Andrade-Perdomo, A. (2024). Digital Sexual Violence against Women in Colombia: The Role of Law in Combating Non-Consensual Dissemination of Sexual Content. Revista Derecho Del Estado.
Andrades-Moya, J. (2024). Introducing methodological components to school coexistence. Revista Brasileira de Educacao, 29. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-24782024290089
Ariyani, L. F., Widjaja, S. U. M., Wahyono, H., Haryono, A., Rusdi, J. F., & Pratama, C. B. A. (2021). Vocational education phenomena research method. MethodsX, 8(October), 101537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2021.101537
Atta-Sakyi, K., Musona, D., & Mweshi, G. (2020). Research Methods and Methodologies. The Methuen Drama Handbook of Theatre History and Historiography, April, 21–52. https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.73.7993
Bani-Fatemi, A., Malta, M., Noble, A., Wang, W., Rajakulendran, T., Kahan, D., & Stergiopoulos, V. (2020). Supporting Female Survivors of Gender-Based Violence Experiencing Homelessness: Outcomes of a Health Promotion Psychoeducation Group Intervention. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11(December), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.601540
Bates, J. (2022). The violence of norms: resisting repertoires of gender violence in post-conflict Colombia. Journal of Gender Studies, 31(2), 153–164. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2020.1855130
Bonilla-Algovia, E., Rivas-Rivero, E., & Vázquez, J. (2020). Impact of gender-based violence on psychological distress and happiness in León (Nicaragua). Health Care for Women International, 41(6), 673–689. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2020.1764564
Brito, S., Basualto, L., & Posada, M. (2020). Perceptions of Gender Violence, Discrimination, and Exclusion among University Students. Revista Interdisciplinaria de Estudios de Género, 15–22.
Capasso, A., Skipalska, H., Guttmacher, S., Tikhonovsky, N. G., Navario, P., & Castillo, T. P. (2021). Factors associated with experiencing sexual violence among female gender-based violence survivors in conflict-afflicted eastern Ukraine. BMC Public Health, 1–16.
Cookson, T. P., & Fuentes, L. (2025). Gender Data, Intersectionality, and a Feminist Politics of “Negotiated Refusal.” Violence Against Women. https://doi.org/10.1177/10778012241309362
Cookson, T. P., Fuentes, L., Zulver, J. M., & Nelson, A. (2023). Fit for purpose? Assessing the accessibility, theory of action, and accountability of digital technology interventions for sexual and gender-based violence prevention and response. Gender, Technology and Development, 27(2), 184–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2023.2182035
De Vries, E., Kathard, H., & Müller, A. (2020). Debate: Why should gender-affirming health care be included in health science curricula? BMC Medical Education, 20(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-1963-6
Doyle, D. M., Lewis, T. O. G., & Barreto, M. (2023). A systematic review of psychosocial functioning changes after gender-affirming hormone therapy among transgender people. Nature Human Behaviour, 7(8), 1320–1331. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-023-01605-w
Dunn, S. (2020). Technology-Facilitated Gender-Based Violence: An Overview. https://digitalcommons.schulichlaw.dal.ca/scholarly_works
Escalera-Silva, L., Amador-Corral, S., & Lara-Hernández, Y. (2024). Digital gender-based violence from the experience of actors in the delivery of justice. Sapienza, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.51798/sijis.v5i1.741
Fox, N. J., & Alldred, P. (2023). Applied Research, Diffractive Methodology, and the Research-Assemblage: Challenges and Opportunities. Sociological Research Online, 28(1), 93–109. https://doi.org/10.1177/13607804211029978
Furidha, B. W. (2024). Comprehension of the Descriptive Qualitative Research Method: a Critical Assessment of the Literature. Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research, 2, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.56943/jmr.v2i4.443
García, C. (2024). Gender perspective in the making: The case of the Colombian peacebuilding process. Global Policy, 15(S3), 26–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13354
Garzón-Segura, A., & Carcedo-González, R. (2020). Effectiveness of a Prevention Program for Gender-Based Intimate Partner Violence at a Colombian Primary School. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(January), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03012
Goessmann, K., Ibrahim, H., & Neuner, F. (2020). Association of War-Related and Gender-Based Violence with Mental Health States of Yazidi Women. JAMA Network Open, 3(9), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13418
González-Gijón, G., Jiménez-Ríos, F. J., Martínez-Heredia, N., & Soriano-Díaz, A. (2025). Gender, Age and Violence in Intimate Partner Relationships in Student Teachers. International Journal of Educational Psychology, 14(2), 77–93. https://doi.org/10.17583/ijep.15756
Guerrero-Sierra, H. F., Palacio Puerta, M., & Garavito Rincón, D. F. (2025). Threats and regulatory challenges of non-consensual pornographic deepfakes: an analysis of the colombian case. Cogent Social Sciences, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2025.2552342
Guevara, G., Verdesoto, A., & Castro, N. (2020). Educational research methodologies (descriptive, experimental, participatory, and action research). Revista Científica Mundo de La Investigación y El Conocimiento, 0(3), 163–173. https://doi.org/10.26820/recimundo/4.(3).julio.2020.163-173
Hall, X., & Evans, D. (2020). Social comorbidities? A qualitative study mapping syndemic theory onto gender-based violence and co-occurring social phenomena among Brazilian women. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09352-7
Hardy, V. L., Ph, D., Locklear, A. K., Ph, D., & Care, T. (2020). Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Adolescents : Gender- Specific and Trauma-Informed Care Implications to establish healthy internal and external growth. Journal of Social Work Values and Ethics, 17(1), 55–62.
Haydam, N. E., & Steenkamp, P. (2020). A Methodological Blueprint for Social Sciences Research - The Social Sciences Research Methodology Framework. European Integration Realities and Perspectives, 15, 304–325.
Henshaw, A. (2023). Digital frontiers in gender and security : bringing critical perspectives online.
Hernández-Flórez, N., Orozco-Santander, M., Beltrán de la Rosa, E., & Oviedo-Hernández, E. (2024). Violencia de género y derechos humanos: Un análisis interdisciplinario sobre la protección de los derechos fundamentales. Leteo, 5(9), 1–10.
Hernández-Flórez, N., Rodríguez-Avila, Y., Lhoeste-Charris, A., Argüello-Rueda, J., Orozco-Santander, V. G.-M., & Monterroza-Badran, N. (2023). Psychological aspects in human trafficking for sexual exploitation: a systematic review. Rassegna Italiana Di Criminologia, 17(4), 317–327. https://doi.org/10.7347/RIC-042023-p317
Hicks, J. (2024). Global evidence on the prevalence and impact of online gender-based violence (OGBV).
Hossain, M., Pearson, R. J., Mcalpine, A., Bacchus, L. J., Spangaro, J., Muthuri, S., Muuo, S., Franchi, G., Hess, T., Bangha, M., & Izugbara, C. (2020). Gender-based violence and its association with mental health among Somali women in a Kenyan refugee camp : a latent class analysis. Epidemiol Community, November. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-214086
Iyawa, G., Shava, F. B., Hamunyela, S., Nhinda, G., Chisala, E., & Mutelo, S. (2024). Social Media Gender-Based Violence: Definition, Classification and Taxonomy from a Systematic Review. 2024 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Networks and Computer Communications, ETNCC 2024 - Proceedings, 259–265. https://doi.org/10.1109/ETNCC63262.2024.10767513
Jaimes-Velásquez, M., Hernandez-Flórez, N., Klimenko, O., Martínez-Medrano, T., & Lhoeste-Charris, Á. (2023). Deudas pendientes con las mujeres: no discriminación y participación política y social en el posconflicto. Nuevo Derecho, 19(33), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.25057/2500672x.1521
John, N., Kapungu, C., Sebany, M., & Tadesse, S. (2023). Do Gender-Based Pathways Influence Mental Health? Examining the Linkages Between Early Child Marriage, Intimate Partner Violence, and Psychological Well-being among Young Ethiopian Women (18–24 years Old). Youth and Society, 55(6), 1155–1172. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X221079375
Karalexi, M. A., Georgakis, M. K., Dimitriou, N. G., Vichos, T., Katsimpris, A., Petridou, E. T., & Papadopoulos, F. C. (2020). Gender-affirming hormone treatment and cognitive function in transgender young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 119(February), 104721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104721
Koch, L., Russo Riva, M. P., & Steinert, J. I. (2025). Technology-Facilitated Gender-Based Violence Against Politically Active Women: A Systematic Review of Psychological and Political Consequences and Women’s Coping Behaviors. In Trauma, Violence, and Abuse. SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380251343185
López-Baquero, C. (2025). Human Rights in Colombian Literature and Cultural Production (https. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003154167/human-rights-colombian-literature-cultural-production?refId=73287bd7-d718-413f
Lugova, H., Samad, N., & Haque, M. (2020). Sexual and gender-based violence among refugees and internally displaced persons in the democratic republic of the congo: Post-conflict scenario. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 13, 2937–2948. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S283698
Lundberg, A., de Leeuw, R., & Aliani, R. (2020). Using Q methodology: Sorting out subjectivity in educational research. Educational Research Review, 31(April), 100361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2020.100361
Lunneblad, J., & Johansson, T. (2021). Violence and gender thresholds: A study of the gender coding of violent behaviour in schools. Gender and Education, 33(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2019.1583318
Monroy-Santander, L., & Otálora-Gallego, G. (2024). Disrupting the Transitional Justice Circuit: Everyday Transformative Gender Justice in Colombia. Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 18(5), 659–680. https://doi.org/10.1080/17502977.2024.2314239
Mtotywa, M., Ledwaba, M., Mambo, B., Nkonzo, Z., Ntshagovhe, R., & Negota, A. (2023). A conceptual framework of gender-based violence and femicide drivers in South Africa. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478), 12(5), 315–330. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v12i5.2633
Muñoz-Zapata, D. E., & Osorio-Franco, J. M. (2024). Social media as platforms for the visibility of gender-based violence during the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia. Salud Colectiva, 20. https://doi.org/10.18294/SC.2024.4601
Mutinta, G. (2025). The Role of Digital Media in the Prevention of Gender-Based Violence. In Health Communication for the Prevention of Gender-Based Violence (pp. 139–164). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-04508-9_4
Pascoe, M., Pankowiak, A., Woessner, M., Brockett, C. L., Hanlon, C., Spaaij, R., Robertson, S., McLachlan, F., & Parker, A. (2022). Gender-specific psychosocial stressors influencing mental health among women elite and semielite athletes: a narrative review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 56(23), 1381–1387. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2022-105540
Pillai, A. A., & Kaushal, U. (2020). Research Methodology- An Introduction To Literary Studies. Central Asian Journal of Literature, Philosophy and Culture, 1(1), 1–11.
Reddy, C. D. (2020). Teaching Research Methodology: Everything’s a Case. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 18(2), 178–188. https://doi.org/10.34190/JBRM.18.2.009
Rodas-Zuleta, M. del M., Cardona, S., & Escobar, D. A. (2022). Gender-based violence and Women’s mobility, findings from a medium-sized Colombian city: A quantitative approach. Journal of Transport and Health, 25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2022.101376
Rodriguez-Saavedra, M. O., Donayre-Prado, E. A., Donayre-Sarolli, A., Lujan -ito, P. G., Escobedo-Pajuelo, J., Grundy-Lopez, R., Aroquipa-Apaza, O., Alegre-Chalco, M. E., Quispe-Nina, W., Pozo-González, R., Hillpa-Zuñiga, M., & Argueda-Catasi, R. (2025). Chatbots and Empowerment in Gender-Based Violence: Mixed Methods Analysis of Psychological and Legal Assistance. Social Sciences, 14(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14100623
Ruiz-Pérez, I., & Pastor-Moreno, G. (2020). Measures to contain gender-based violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Gaceta Sanitaria, 11–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.04.005
Sánchez-Fuentes, M. D. M., de Araújo, L. F., Parra-Barrera, S. M., Fontes, É. R. S., de Oliveira Santos, J. V., & Moyano, N. (2021). Transphobia and gender identity: Social representations of trans women from brazil and colombia. Ciencia e Saude Coletiva, 26(11), 5793–5804. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320212611.33642020
Sánchez-Hernández, M., Herrera-Enríquez, M., & Expósito, F. (2020). Controlling Behaviors in Couple Relationships in the Digital Age: Acceptability of Gender Violence, Sexism, and Myths about Romantic Love. Psychosocial Intervention, 29(2), 67–81. https://doi.org/10.5093/pi2020a1
Saraswati, P., & Devi, A. (2023). Mixed Methods-Research Methodology an Overview. Nursing and Health Care, 5(4), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.30654/mjnh.100024
Silva, E. D., Fighera, T. M., Allgayer, R. M., Lobato, M. I. R., & Spritzer, P. M. (2021). Physical and Sociodemographic Features Associated With Quality of Life Among Transgender Women and Men Using Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12(July), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.621075
Suarez-Estrada, M. (2022). Feminist struggles against criminalization of digital violence: Lessons for Internet governance from the global south. Policy and Internet, 14(2), 410–423. https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.277
Thulin, E. J., Lustig, A., Perrotte, V., Lwabanya, M., & Evans, T. (2020). Male and female perceptions and experiences of sexual and gender-based violence in south Kivu, eastern DRC. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(11–12), NP9469–NP9495. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520983301
van der Miesen, A. I. R., Steensma, T. D., de Vries, A. L. C., Bos, H., & Popma, A. (2020). Psychological Functioning in Transgender Adolescents Before and After Gender-Affirmative Care Compared With Cisgender General Population Peers. Journal of Adolescent Health, 66(6), 699–704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.12.018
Vanegas, F., & Pinzón, M. (2025). Gender Violence and Political Discourse in Colombia (pp. 333–351). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35513-4_17
Wold, A. (2020). Gender-Corrective Surgery Promoting Mental Health in Persons With Gender Dysphoria Not Supported by Data Presented in Article. The American Journal Psychiatry, 727–734.
Zamora-Moncayo, E., Burgess, R., Fonseca, L., González-Gort, M., & Kakuma, R. (2021). Gender, mental health and resilience in armed conflict: Listening to life stories of internally displaced women in Colombia. BMJ Global Health, 6(10), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005770
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Nubia Hernández Flórez, Olena Klimenko, José Nuvaez Castillo, Vanessa Romero Mendoza, Cirit Mateus de Oro, Jorge Luis López García

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.













