Relación entre Renta per Cápita, Pobreza e Innovación Tecnológica en Países en Desarrollo: Un Estudio Comparativo de Ecuador y El Salvador
Relationship between Per Capita Income, Poverty and Technological Innovation in Developing Countries: A Comparative Study of Ecuador and El Salvador
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56712/latam.v6i6.5139Palabras clave:
renta per cápita, pobreza, MCO, innovación tecnológica, economías en desarrolloResumen
La renta per cápita constituye un indicador clave del desempeño económico y del nivel de bienestar en las economías en desarrollo, aunque su crecimiento no siempre se traduce en mejoras sociales cuando persisten desigualdades estructurales. Este estudio analiza comparativamente el efecto de la pobreza, el acceso a Internet, la inversión en investigación y desarrollo y la educación sobre la renta per cápita en Ecuador y El Salvador, utilizando un modelo econométrico de Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios con datos de series de tiempo del período 2010–2023. Los resultados evidencian que los modelos estimados son estadísticamente significativos en ambos países, con un mayor poder explicativo en El Salvador. La inversión en investigación y desarrollo presenta un impacto positivo sobre la renta per cápita en los dos casos analizados, confirmando su papel como motor del crecimiento económico. Asimismo, el acceso a Internet muestra un efecto positivo únicamente en El Salvador, mientras que en Ecuador su impacto resulta estadísticamente no significativo, reflejando diferencias en la articulación entre tecnología y estructura productiva. En conjunto, los hallazgos destacan que la incidencia de la innovación, la educación y la reducción de la pobreza sobre el crecimiento económico depende de las condiciones estructurales e institucionales de cada país.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Martha Isabel Cedeño Moreira, Hugo Stuard Galarza Carriel, Lady Nicole García Espinoza, Heims Eliezer Intriago Loor, Lisa María Haro Gavidia

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