Factores laborales que condicionan la lumbalgia aguda en pacientes de 25 a 45 años de la unidad médica familiar no. 45
Occupational factors conditioning acute low back pain in patients aged 25 to 45 years at family medicine unit no. 45
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56712/latam.v7i1.5247Palabras clave:
lumbalgia aguda, factores laborales, 25 a 45 añosResumen
La lumbalgia aguda constituye una causa frecuente de incapacidad laboral, particularmente en personas en edad productiva. Sin embargo, existe escasa evidencia local sobre los factores laborales asociados a su aparición en trabajadores jóvenes y de mediana edad. Determinar la asociación entre los factores laborales y la presencia de lumbalgia aguda en pacientes de 25 a 45 años adscritos a la Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 45 del IMSS en Cárdenas, Tabasco. Estudio observacional, transversal y analítico, realizado entre abril y octubre de 2024, con una muestra por conveniencia de 100 participantes (69 sin alta demanda física y 31 con alta demanda), a quienes se aplicó el cuestionario de riesgos ergonómicos relacionados con lumbalgia ocupacional. Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas y laborales relacionadas con repetitividad, posturas forzadas y manipulación de cargas pesadas. Los datos fueron procesados en el software SPSS v29.0, utilizando estadística descriptiva e inferencial. La asociación entre variables cualitativas se analizó mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado. Se encontró una asociación significativa entre la alta demanda física y factores como la clasificación de cargas por peso, la manipulación de cargas pesadas, la ejecución de levantamientos y la realización de movimientos en zona de maniobra (p<0.05). La lumbalgia aguda está asociada a condiciones laborales específicas de alta exigencia física. Estos hallazgos destacan la necesidad de implementar intervenciones preventivas y ergonómicas en trabajadores expuestos a dichos factores de riesgo.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Juan Carlos Ferreira
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
