Bloqueos periféricos guiados por ultrasonido: actualización técnica, fundamentos anatómicos y aplicaciones clínicas en la anestesia moderna

Ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve blocks: technical update, anatomical foundations, and clinical applications in modern anesthesia

Autores/as

  • Stephany González Lobo Investigadora independiente
  • Yarizol Delgado Paniagua Investigadora independiente
  • Lloyd Steven Shedden Hidalgo Investigador independiente
  • Joshmar Tadlaoui Gonzalez Investigador independiente

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56712/latam.v7i2.5742

Palabras clave:

analgesia perioperatoria, sonoanatomía, toxicidad sistémica por anestésicos locales, seguridad procedimental, entrenamiento por simulación, inteligencia artificial en ultrasonido

Resumen

Los bloqueos periféricos guiados por ultrasonido han modificado la práctica de la anestesia regional al permitir la visualización directa de los nervios y de las estructuras anatómicas adyacentes durante el procedimiento. Este trabajo analizó el papel del ultrasonido en la anestesia regional moderna, con énfasis en sus fundamentos técnicos, sus aplicaciones clínicas y sus principales implicaciones en seguridad y eficacia. Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura enfocada en la comparación entre la guía ecográfica y las técnicas tradicionales basadas en referencias anatómicas y estimulación nerviosa, así como en la evaluación de avances tecnológicos recientes. Los hallazgos muestran que la guía ecográfica mejora la localización nerviosa, facilita la colocación precisa de la aguja y permite observar en tiempo real la distribución del anestésico local. Esto incrementa la tasa de éxito de los bloqueos, disminuye la variabilidad asociada a la anatomía individual y reduce el riesgo de complicaciones, como la punción vascular, la lesión nerviosa y la toxicidad sistémica por anestésicos locales. Además, el uso de menores volúmenes de anestésico y la optimización del control del dolor perioperatorio han contribuido a disminuir la necesidad de analgesia de rescate y el consumo de opioides en el periodo posoperatorio. Finalmente, la introducción de dispositivos portátiles, inteligencia artificial y simulación ha ampliado las posibilidades de uso y enseñanza de esta técnica en diversos contextos clínicos.

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Biografía del autor/a

Stephany González Lobo, Investigadora independiente

Yarizol Delgado Paniagua, Investigadora independiente

Lloyd Steven Shedden Hidalgo, Investigador independiente

Joshmar Tadlaoui Gonzalez, Investigador independiente

Citas

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Publicado

2026-04-24

Cómo citar

González Lobo, S., Delgado Paniagua, Y., Shedden Hidalgo, L. S., & Tadlaoui Gonzalez, J. (2026). Bloqueos periféricos guiados por ultrasonido: actualización técnica, fundamentos anatómicos y aplicaciones clínicas en la anestesia moderna: Ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve blocks: technical update, anatomical foundations, and clinical applications in modern anesthesia. LATAM Revista Latinoamericana De Ciencias Sociales Y Humanidades, 7(2), 1566 – 1579. https://doi.org/10.56712/latam.v7i2.5742

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la Salud